| Vineland, New Jersey | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Downtown Vineland | |
| Motto: "A Harvest of Opportunities in the Heart of the Northeast" | |
| Map of Vineland in Cumberland County. Inset: Location of Cumberland County highlighted in the State of New Jersey. | |
| Census Bureau map of Vineland, New Jersey | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Jersey |
| County | Cumberland |
| Incorporated | February 5, 1952[1] |
| Government[2] | |
| • Type | Faulkner Act Mayor-Council |
| • Mayor | Robert Romano (term ends 2012)[3] |
| • Administrator | Denise Monaco[4] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 69.0 sq mi (178.7 km2) |
| • Land | 68.7 sq mi (177.9 km2) |
| • Water | 0.3 sq mi (0.8 km2) 0.42% |
| Elevation[5] | 102 ft (31 m) |
| Population (2010 Census)[6] | |
| • Total | 60,724 |
| • Density | 880.1/sq mi (339.8/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4) |
| ZIP codes | 08360, 08361, 08362 |
| Area code(s) | 856 |
| FIPS code | 34-76070[7][8] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0881466[9] |
| Website | http://www.vinelandcity.org/ |
Vineland is a city in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 60,724.[6] Vineland, Millville and Bridgeton are the three principal New Jersey cities of the Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses those three cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes.
Vineland was originally incorporated as a borough by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 28, 1880, from portions of Landis Township, based on the results of a referendum held three days earlier. On July 1, 1952, Vineland borough and Landis Township were merged to form Vineland city, based on the results of a referendum held on February 5, 1952.[1][10][11]
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Charles K. Landis purchased 20,000 acres (81 km2) of land in 1861, near Millville, New Jersey, and along an existing railroad line with service to Philadelphia, to create his own alcohol-free utopian society based on agriculture and progressive thinking. The first houses were built in 1862, and train service was established to Philadelphia and New York City, with the population reaching 5,500 by 1865.[12]
Established as a Temperance Town, where the sale of alcohol was prohibited, Landis required that purchasers of land in Vineland had to build a house on the purchased property within a year of purchase, that 2½ acres of the often-heavily wooded land had to be cleared and farmed each year, and that adequate space be placed between houses and roads to allow for planting of flowers and shade trees along the routes through town. Landis Avenue was constructed as a 100-foot (30 m) wide and about 1-mile (2 km) long road running east-west through the center of the community, with other, narrower roads connecting at right angles to each other.[13]
After determining that the Vineland soil was well-suited for growing grapes (hence the name), Landis started advertising to attract Italian grape growers to Vineland, offering 20 acres (81,000 m2) of land that had to be cleared and used to grow grapes. Thomas Bramwell Welch founded Welch's Grape Juice, and purchased the locally grown grapes to make "unfermented wine" (or grape juice).[13] The fertile ground also attracted the glass-making industry and was home to the Progresso soup company. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, most of the city was involved in the poultry industry, which led to the city being dubbed “The Egg Basket of America.”[14]
Vineland Poultry Laboratories (now Lohman Animal Health) was started by Arthur Goldhaft. Dr. Goldhaft is credited with putting "a chicken in every pot" after developing the fowl pox chicken vaccine that saved millions of chickens from death. Dr. Goldhaft's work at Vineland Poultry Laboratories in Vineland, helped protect the world's chicken supply from the fowl pox disease.[15]
Additionally, Vineland had New Jersey’s first school for mental health, the Vineland Developmental Center, which now has an east and west campus. These institutions house mentally handicapped women in fully staffed cottages. Henry H. Goddard, an American psychologist, coined the term "Moron" while directing the Research Laboratory at the Training School for Backward and Feeble-minded Children in Vineland. This facility was sufficiently well-known that one American Prison Association pamphlet in 1955 heralded Vineland as "famous for its contributions to our knowledge of the feebleminded."[16]
The city of Vineland celebrated its 150th birthday in 2011. Mayor Robert Romano initially ordered a custom cake from Buddy Valastro of Carlo's Bake Shop in Hoboken, the business featured in the TLC reality television series Cake Boss. After outcry from local business owners, the order was canceled and five Vineland bakeries were commissioned to create elaborate cakes for the event.[17]
Vineland is located at (39.480415, -75.014013).[18]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 69.0 square miles (179 km2), of which, 68.7 square miles (178 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (0.42%) is water. Of all the municipalities in New Jersey to hold the label of 'city,' Vineland is the largest in total area (Hamilton Township in Atlantic County is the largest municipality.)
Vineland borders Deerfield Township, Millville, and Maurice River Township. Vineland also borders Salem County, Gloucester County, and Atlantic County. The city is approximately 38 miles (61 km) from the Atlantic Ocean.
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1930 | 21,603 |
|
|
| 1940 | 24,439 | 13.1% | |
| 1950 | 29,573 | 21.0% | |
| 1960 | 37,685 | 27.4% | |
| 1970 | 47,399 | 25.8% | |
| 1980 | 53,753 | 13.4% | |
| 1990 | 54,780 | 1.9% | |
| 2000 | 56,271 | 2.7% | |
| 2010 | 60,724 | 7.9% | |
| Population sources: 1930-1990[19] 2000[20] 2010[6] |
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As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 56,271 people, 19,930 households, and 14,210 families residing in the city. The population density was 819.2 people per square mile (316.3/km2). There were 20,958 housing units at an average density of 305.1 per square mile (117.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 67.47% White, 13.62% African American, 0.54% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 14.01% from other races, and 3.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 30.00% of the population.[20]
There were 19,939 households out of which 80.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 16.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17.[20]
In the city the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.[20]
The median income for a household in the city was $40,076, and the median income for a family was $47,909. Males had a median income of $35,195 versus $25,518 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,797. About 9.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.[20]
The City of Vineland is governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government under New Jersey’s Optional Municipal Charter Law, commonly called the Faulkner Act.[2] There are two separate and co-equal branches of government, each directly elected by the people: the mayor, who serves as chief executive; and the City Council, which functions in a legislative role. Municipal elections are non-partisan. The Mayor and Council serve four-year terms of office elected concurrently.[21]
As of 2011[update], the Mayor of Vineland is Robert Romano, whose term of office ends on June 30, 2012 (along with those of all members of the City Council). Members of the Vineland City Council are President Peter Coccaro, Vice President Edward Conrow, Douglas Albrecht, Mayra Arroyo and Louis Cresci.[22]
On July 1, 2008, Robert Romano, son of former Mayor Joseph Romano, succeeded Perry D. Barse . Council members Peter F. Coccaro III, Mayra Arroyo, Louis F. Cresci Jr., Edward W. Conrow, and Douglas A. Albrecht, all of whom won their positions in the municipal election on May 13, 2008, also took office.[23]
Vineland is in the 2nd Congressional district and is part of New Jersey's 1st state legislative district.[24] The legislative district was kept unchanged by the New Jersey Apportionment Commission based on the results of the 2010 Census.[6]
New Jersey's Second Congressional District is represented by Frank LoBiondo (R, Ventnor City). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).
1st legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature, which is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Jeff Van Drew (D, Dennis Township) and in the Assembly by Nelson Albano (D, Vineland) and Matthew W. Milam (D, Vineland).[25] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).[26] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[27]
Cumberland County is governed by a seven-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who are elected at-large in partisan elections to serve staggered three-year terms in office, with two or three seats coming up for election each year.[28] As of 2011, Cumberland County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director William Whelan (Bridgeton, term ends December 31, 2011)[29], Deputy Director James A. Dunkins, (Millville, 2011)[30], Samuel L. Fiocchi, Sr. (Vineland, 2013)[31] Jane Jannarone (Vineland, 2011)[32], Carl W. Kirstein (Bridgeton, 2013)[33], Louis N. Magazzu (Bridgeton, 2012)[34] and Thomas Sheppard (Cedarville, 2012)[35][36]
Vineland Public Schools serves students in public school in grades K-12 and is one of 31 Abbott Districts statewide.[37] Schools in the district (with 2009-10 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[38]) are Casimer M. Dallago, Jr. Preschool Center / IMPACT (241) and Max Leuchter Preschool Center (215) for preschool, Dane Barse School (409), D'Ippolito Elementary School (668), Marie Durand School (558), Johnstone School (460), Dr. William Mennies School (624), Petway School (546), Gloria M. Sabater School (561), John H. Winslow School (532) for grades K-5, Landis School (469), Anthony Rossi School (561), Veterans Memorial School (534) and Thomas W. Wallace, Jr. School (505) for grades 6-8, Vineland High School (2,739) for grades 9-12 and Cunningham Alternative School (156) for students in grades 6-12 with "personal or academic challenges that prevent them from reaching their full potential".[39]
Cumberland Christian School is a private coeducational day school located in Vineland, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The school, founded in 1946, has a total enrollment of over 1,000 students.[40] The city is home to two Catholic elementary schools — Bishop Schad Regional School (combining St. Francis and Sacred Heart Schools) and St. Mary's School — and Sacred Heart High School for grades 9-12, all of which operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden.[41]
The Ellison School is a private, nonsectarian coeducational day school located on South Spring Road in Vineland. The school, with an enrollment of about 120 students in pre-kindergarten through 8th grade, is known for rigorous academics and a small (6:1) student/teacher ratio. The school was founded in 1959 and moved to its current site in 1968.[42]
For the year of 2008, Forbes listed Vineland as the 2nd least-educated city in the country, behind Lake Havasu City, Arizona.[43]
Portions of Vineland are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide).[44]
The main street in Vineland is Landis Avenue. The traditional downtown area is located several blocks east and west of the intersection of Landis Avenue and the Boulevard. The Boulevard is a pair of roads that flank the main north/south railroad which connected Vineland with Cape May to the south and Camden/Philadelphia to the north. After many years of decline there has been much recent activity to restore the vitality of "The Avenue" and the center city area. New construction includes a new transportation center, courthouse, post office, elementary school / community center and sidewalk upgrades. In 2005, Vineland was designated a Main Street Community and, through the work of this group, money has been earmarked to continue this improvement through property and facade improvements, business retention and marketing.[45]
Route 47, Route 55 and Route 56, as well as County Route 540, County Route 552 and County Route 555 all pass through Vineland. Two general aviation airports are located nearby. Vineland-Downstown Airport is located 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of the central business district, and Kroelinger Airport, 3 miles (4.8 km) north.
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